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	<title>Chinese and World History &#187; I.A. Chinese Historic Sites</title>
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	<link>http://www.garyleetodd.com</link>
	<description>From the beginnings of civilization to the present</description>
	<lastBuildDate>Thu, 01 Dec 2011 02:13:31 +0000</lastBuildDate>
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		<title>Duke Lu Mausoleum, Xinxiang</title>
		<link>http://www.garyleetodd.com/chinese-museums-online/duke-lu-mausoleum-xinxiang/</link>
		<comments>http://www.garyleetodd.com/chinese-museums-online/duke-lu-mausoleum-xinxiang/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 01 Dec 2011 02:13:31 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>leefoxx1949</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[I.A. Chinese Historic Sites]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[I.B. Chinese Museums & Artifacts]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Henan Province]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.garyleetodd.com/?p=1466</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Duke Lu (Zhu Yuliu), 1568-1614, was the only full brother of the Ming Emperor Wanli. His tomb near Xinxiang is the only Ming royal tomb in Henan Province. His Imperial Concubine Zhao&#8217;s tomb is next to his. Most Ming tombs are near Beijing, except for the tomb of Hongwu in Nanjing. Dingling, the tomb of [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Duke Lu (Zhu Yuliu), 1568-1614, was the only full brother of the Ming Emperor Wanli. His tomb near Xinxiang is the only Ming royal tomb in Henan Province. His Imperial Concubine Zhao&#8217;s tomb is next to his. Most Ming tombs are near Beijing, except for the tomb of Hongwu in Nanjing. Dingling, the tomb of Duke Lu&#8217;s brother, Emperor Wanli, is the only one open to the public in Beijing. Photos by Gary L. Todd, Ph.D., Professor of History, Sias International University, Xinzheng, Henan, China. <a href="https://picasaweb.google.com/116512474184071531500/DukeLuMausoleumXinxiang">https://picasaweb.google.com/116512474184071531500/DukeLuMausoleumXinxiang</a></p>
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		<title>Xuzhou: Han Tomb of Liu Wu, King of Chu</title>
		<link>http://www.garyleetodd.com/chinese-museums-online/xuzhou-han-tomb-of-liu-wu-prince-of-chu/</link>
		<comments>http://www.garyleetodd.com/chinese-museums-online/xuzhou-han-tomb-of-liu-wu-prince-of-chu/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 13 Nov 2011 07:10:37 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>leefoxx1949</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[I.A. Chinese Historic Sites]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[I.B. Chinese Museums & Artifacts]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Jiangsu]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.garyleetodd.com/?p=1446</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Liu Wu was a member of the Han Dynasty royal family. He ruled over the state of Chu in the early Western Han, and built a tomb on Shizishan (Lion Hill) with a guardian army of 1/3-size terracotta warriors. I photographed the tomb, along with an underwater burial site of terracotta cavalry, and a larger [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Liu Wu was a member of the Han Dynasty royal family. He ruled over the state of Chu in the early Western Han, and built a tomb on Shizishan (Lion Hill) with a guardian army of 1/3-size terracotta warriors. I photographed the tomb, along with an underwater burial site of terracotta cavalry, and a larger pit of infantry. Compare this with the tomb of Han Emperor Jingdi, as well as the more famous life-size warriors of Qin Shihuang (both on this website). Photos by Gary L. Todd, Ph.D., Professor of History, Sias International University, Xinzheng, Henan, China. <a href="https://picasaweb.google.com/116512474184071531500/XuzhouHanTombOfLiuWuKingOfChu">https://picasaweb.google.com/116512474184071531500/XuzhouHanTombOfLiuWuKingOfChu</a></p>
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		<title>Han Yang Ling Mausoleum of Han Emperor Jingdi, Xi&#8217;an</title>
		<link>http://www.garyleetodd.com/chinese-museums-online/han-yang-ling-mausoleum-of-han-emperor-jingdi-xian/</link>
		<comments>http://www.garyleetodd.com/chinese-museums-online/han-yang-ling-mausoleum-of-han-emperor-jingdi-xian/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 07 Oct 2011 03:21:19 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>leefoxx1949</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[I.A. Chinese Historic Sites]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[I.B. Chinese Museums & Artifacts]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Xi'an]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.garyleetodd.com/?p=1435</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[This Western Han Imperial tomb is probably China&#8217;s best-kept archaeological secret. It only opened to the public a few years ago, and there is not yet public transportation to the site. The terracotta warriors are a third the size of the more famous ones of nearby Qin Shihuang&#8217;s tomb, but here visitors can walk over [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>This Western Han Imperial tomb is probably China&#8217;s best-kept archaeological secret. It only opened to the public a few years ago, and there is not yet public transportation to the site. The terracotta warriors are a third the size of the more famous ones of nearby Qin Shihuang&#8217;s tomb, but here visitors can walk over the pits and see the excavations in progress. More importantly, this tomb doesn&#8217;t have the pressing crowds of the more famous neighbor. Like the Qin Shihuang tomb, the Han Yang tomb itself has not yet been opened. Photos by Gary L. Todd, Ph.D., Professor of History, Sias International University, Xinzheng, Henan, China. <a href="https://picasaweb.google.com/116512474184071531500/HanYangLingMausoleumOfHanEmperorJingdiXiAn">https://picasaweb.google.com/116512474184071531500/HanYangLingMausoleumOfHanEmperorJingdiXiAn</a></p>
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		<title>Luoyang: Longmen Grottoes, Album 2 (June, 2011)</title>
		<link>http://www.garyleetodd.com/chinese-historic-sites/luoyang-longmen-grottoes-album-2-june-2011/</link>
		<comments>http://www.garyleetodd.com/chinese-historic-sites/luoyang-longmen-grottoes-album-2-june-2011/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 12 Jun 2011 12:36:14 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>leefoxx1949</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[I.A. Chinese Historic Sites]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Henan Province]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.garyleetodd.com/?p=1362</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Longmen Grottoes consists of over 100,000 Buddhist images carved in caves during the Northern Dynasties, Sui Dynasty, &#38; Tang Dynasty, c. 500-900 AD. Highlight is the Grand Buddha Niche, of which the central figure represents Maitreya, the Buddha of the Future. It was commissioned by China&#8217;s only female emperor, Wu Zetian, and supposedly is based [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Longmen Grottoes consists of over 100,000 Buddhist images carved in caves during the Northern Dynasties, Sui Dynasty, &amp; Tang Dynasty, c. 500-900 AD. Highlight is the Grand Buddha Niche, of which the central figure represents Maitreya, the Buddha of the Future. It was commissioned by China&#8217;s only female emperor, Wu Zetian, and supposedly is based on her physical features. I have an earlier Longmen album with 688 photos from several previous trips. This one was made in June, 2011, with a new Canon EOS600 digital camera. Photos by Gary L. Todd, Ph.D., Professor of History, Sias International University, Xinzheng, Henan, China. <a href="https://picasaweb.google.com/GaryLeeTodd/LuoyangLongmenGrottoesAlbum2June2011">https://picasaweb.google.com/GaryLeeTodd/LuoyangLongmenGrottoesAlbum2June2011</a></p>
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		<item>
		<title>Northern Song Imperial Tombs</title>
		<link>http://www.garyleetodd.com/chinese-historic-sites/northern-song-imperial-tombs/</link>
		<comments>http://www.garyleetodd.com/chinese-historic-sites/northern-song-imperial-tombs/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 19 Apr 2011 03:11:27 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>leefoxx1949</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[I.A. Chinese Historic Sites]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Henan Province]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.garyleetodd.com/?p=1316</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Seven of the nine emperors of the Northern Song Dynasty (960-1127 AD) are buried in and around Gongyi, along with hundreds of royal family members and honored civil officials. Two Imperial tombs are currently protected and open to the public; the others lie scattered among farmers&#8217; fields. I have photographed six of the Imperial tombs, [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Seven of the nine emperors of the Northern Song Dynasty (960-1127 AD) are buried in and around Gongyi, along with hundreds of royal family members and honored civil officials. Two Imperial tombs are currently protected and open to the public; the others lie scattered among farmers&#8217; fields. I have photographed six of the Imperial tombs, along with several lesser tombs. The statues are part of the &#8220;spirit way&#8221; leading to each tomb. Photos by Gary L. Todd, Ph.D., Professor of History, Sias International University, Xinzheng, Henan, China. <a href="https://picasaweb.google.com/GaryLeeTodd/NorthernSongImperialTombs?authkey=Gv1sRgCN7GgPaFpqnt8gE#">https://picasaweb.google.com/GaryLeeTodd/NorthernSongImperialTombs?authkey=Gv1sRgCN7GgPaFpqnt8gE#</a></p>
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		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
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		<item>
		<title>China in 1991</title>
		<link>http://www.garyleetodd.com/chinese-historic-sites/china-in-1991/</link>
		<comments>http://www.garyleetodd.com/chinese-historic-sites/china-in-1991/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 19 Apr 2011 01:22:36 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>leefoxx1949</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[I.A. Chinese Historic Sites]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Beijing]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Chengdu]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.garyleetodd.com/?p=1368</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[I first went to China in 1991 to teach teachers during the summer. But mostly I was a tourist taking in the sights, tastes, and sounds of a new and wonderful culture. My photos of the Great Wall, Summer Palace, Forbidden City, and of Chengdu sites have already been posted in the appropriate albums. This [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I first went to China in 1991 to teach teachers during the summer. But mostly I was a tourist taking in the sights, tastes, and sounds of a new and wonderful culture. My photos of the Great Wall, Summer Palace, Forbidden City, and of Chengdu sites have already been posted in the appropriate albums. This album is all the rest of my photos &#8211; the people and places where I visited and worked. These photos themselves are now history, since many of these quaint alleys have been replaced by modern shopping malls, and the ubiquitous bicycles by bumper-to-bumper automobiles. The China in these photos is pretty much gone, the victim of prosperity and progress. Photos by Gary L. Todd, Ph.D., Professor of History, Sias International University, Xinzheng, Henan, China. <a href="https://picasaweb.google.com/GaryLeeTodd/ChinaIn1991">https://picasaweb.google.com/GaryLeeTodd/ChinaIn1991</a></p>
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		<item>
		<title>Wuhan: Historic and Scenic Sites</title>
		<link>http://www.garyleetodd.com/chinese-historic-sites/wuhan-historic-and-scenic-sites/</link>
		<comments>http://www.garyleetodd.com/chinese-historic-sites/wuhan-historic-and-scenic-sites/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 05 Dec 2010 13:31:36 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>leefoxx1949</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[I.A. Chinese Historic Sites]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[I.C. Chinese Scenic Places]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Wuhan]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.garyleetodd.com/?p=1227</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Wuhan, situated where the Han River joins the Chang Jiang (Yangtse), was originally 3 cities: Wuchang, Hankou, and Hanyang. I made 7 photo albums from the fabulous collection of the Hubei Provincial Museum, but have added this 8th album of several other historic and scenic places in the city. Most of the pictures are of [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Wuhan, situated where the Han River joins the Chang Jiang (Yangtse), was originally 3 cities: Wuchang, Hankou, and Hanyang. I made 7 photo albums from the fabulous collection of the Hubei Provincial Museum, but have added this 8th album of several other historic and scenic places in the city. Most of the pictures are of historic Yellow Crane Tower, plus some from the Guiyuan Temple built in the early Qing Dynasty. Photos by Gary L. Todd, Ph.D., Professor of History, Sias International University, Xinzheng, Henan, China. <a href="http://picasaweb.google.com/GaryLeeTodd/WuhanHistoricAndScenicSites#">http://picasaweb.google.com/GaryLeeTodd/WuhanHistoricAndScenicSites#</a></p>
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		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
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		<item>
		<title>Neixiang County Yamen (ancient government office)</title>
		<link>http://www.garyleetodd.com/chinese-museums-online/neixiang-county-yamen-ancient-government-office/</link>
		<comments>http://www.garyleetodd.com/chinese-museums-online/neixiang-county-yamen-ancient-government-office/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 22 Nov 2010 02:20:25 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>leefoxx1949</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[I.A. Chinese Historic Sites]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[I.B. Chinese Museums & Artifacts]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Henan Province]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.garyleetodd.com/?p=1225</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[This ancient county government office near Nanyang was built during the Yuan Dynasty, about 700 years ago. The ancient jail and exhibit on punishment is particularly rich in detail. Photos by Gary L. Todd, Ph.D., Professor of History, Sias International University, Xinzheng, Henan, China. http://picasaweb.google.com/GaryLeeTodd/NeixiangCountyYamenAncientGovernmentOffice#]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>This ancient county government office near Nanyang was built during the Yuan Dynasty, about 700 years ago. The ancient jail and exhibit on punishment is particularly rich in detail. Photos by Gary L. Todd, Ph.D., Professor of History, Sias International University, Xinzheng, Henan, China. <a href="http://picasaweb.google.com/GaryLeeTodd/NeixiangCountyYamenAncientGovernmentOffice#">http://picasaweb.google.com/GaryLeeTodd/NeixiangCountyYamenAncientGovernmentOffice#</a></p>
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		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
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		<item>
		<title>Changsha: Tianxin Park &amp; Hunan Martyr&#8217;s Park</title>
		<link>http://www.garyleetodd.com/chinese-historic-sites/changsha-tianxin-park-hunan-martyrs-park/</link>
		<comments>http://www.garyleetodd.com/chinese-historic-sites/changsha-tianxin-park-hunan-martyrs-park/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 22 Aug 2010 03:15:49 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>leefoxx1949</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[I.A. Chinese Historic Sites]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Changsha]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.garyleetodd.com/?p=1179</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Tianxin Park contains the only remaining part of the old city wall, and was the site of fighting during the Taiping Uprising. Hunan Martyr&#8217;s Park, on Lake Nianjia, is dedicated to those who died in the struggle to free China from foreign aggressors. The city zoo is located next to the park. Photos by Gary [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Tianxin Park contains the only remaining part of the old city wall, and was the site of fighting during the Taiping Uprising. Hunan Martyr&#8217;s Park, on Lake Nianjia, is dedicated to those who died in the struggle to free China from foreign aggressors. The city zoo is located next to the park. Photos by Gary L. Todd, Ph.D., Professor of History, Sias International University, Xinzheng, Henan, China. <a href="http://picasaweb.google.com/GaryLeeTodd/ChangshaTianxinParkHunanMartyrSPark#">http://picasaweb.google.com/GaryLeeTodd/ChangshaTianxinParkHunanMartyrSPark#</a></p>
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		<item>
		<title>Historic Nanyang</title>
		<link>http://www.garyleetodd.com/chinese-historic-sites/historic-nanyang/</link>
		<comments>http://www.garyleetodd.com/chinese-historic-sites/historic-nanyang/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 18 Jun 2010 01:42:54 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>leefoxx1949</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[I.A. Chinese Historic Sites]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Henan Province]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.garyleetodd.com/?p=1147</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Nanyang is a beautiful modern city in southern Henan with a rich history. Historic sites featured in this album include: Wolong Hill, where Zhuge Liang farmed the land and Liu Bei visited him three times entreating him to serve as his military advisor at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty; an ancient prefectural administrative [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Nanyang is a beautiful modern city in southern Henan with a rich history. Historic sites featured in this album include: Wolong Hill, where Zhuge Liang farmed the land and Liu Bei visited him three times entreating him to serve as his military advisor at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty; an ancient prefectural administrative office first built in 1271, which served as the site of local government during the Yuan, Ming, &amp; Qing Dynasties, the Republican Era, and up to the beginning of the People&#8217;s Republic of China; the memorial hall of the sage of medicine; and Wang Fu Shan, the rockery and temple belonging to the palace of the 23rd son of the first Ming emperor, Zhu Yuanzhang (Hongwu). Photos by Gary L. Todd, Ph.D., Professor of History, Sias International University, Xinzheng, Henan, China. <a href="http://picasaweb.google.com/GaryLeeTodd/HistoricNanyang#">http://picasaweb.google.com/GaryLeeTodd/HistoricNanyang#</a></p>
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